weight 5,33gr. | bronze Ø 18mm.
obv. Laureate head of Tiberius right,surrounded by the legend
CEB - AC - TOC
rev. Zeus standing facing, head left, holding eagle on his extended
right hand, KIBYPA behind, TωN in front
Kibyra, also referred to as Cibyra Magna, was an Ancient Greek city near the modern town of Gölhisar, in Burdur Province. It lay in Phrygia, outside the north-western limits of the ancient province of Lycia and was the chief city of an independent state known as Cibyratis. The city is mentioned by ancient literary sources. According to Strabo, the Kibyratae were said to be descendants of Lydians who migrated and occupied the Kibyratis region and subdued the neighbouring Pisidians. A short time after their arrival they moved their settlement to a new city. The move to the city is supported by archaeological finds at the Uytuptnar site about 18 km away from Kibyra where ruins from the early Iron Age were probably the previous settlements dating from around 3-4th c. BC before the great move.
Kibyra is first mentioned by Livius in his account of Ganaeus Manlius Vulso′s operations in 189 BC during the Galatian War. Manlius approached Kibyra from the upper part of the Maeander river valley and through Caria. He probably advanced upon it by the valley of Karaook, through which a road led from Kibyra to Laodikeia on the Lykus. Manlius demanded and got from Moagetes I, the tyrant of Kibyra, 100 talents and 10,000 medimni of wheat. Livius says that Moagetes controlled Syleum and Alimne, in addition to Kibyra. William Smith suggested that Alimne could be identified with the remains of a large town on an island in lake Gölhisar (east of modern Gölhisar), which were connected to the mainland by an ancient causeway. Following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Kibyra became part of the Attalid Kingdom.
During Eumenes II sovereignty (197-159 BC), Kibyra seems to have been ruled by the Kingdom of Pergamon. The city grew to be powerful in the second century BC, Ancient sources and other written documents indicate that Kibyra was famous for its blacksmithing, leather processing and horse breeding. Other research shows that pottery production was very intense in the area also. Its territory extended between Pisidia and the adjoining Milyas to Lycia and the Peraea of the Rhodians. At this time it joined with three neighbouring Lycian towns, Bubon, Balbura, and Oenoanda, to form a confederation called the Tetrapolis. Within this confederation, the other three cities had one vote, but Kibyra had two votes, since it could muster 30,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry.
In 133 BC, the last Attalid king, Attalos III left his kingdom to the Roman Republic, which reconstituted it as the province of Asia. It is not clear whether Kibyra formed part of the new province or was granted its freedom like the rest of Lycia. In 83 BC, during the First Mithridatic War, the Roman general Lucius Licinius Murena deposed the last tyrant of Kibyra, Moagetes II, who was the son of one Pancrates, and dissolved the Tetrapolis. Balbura and Bubon were assigned to the Lycian League. Writing at the beginning of the 1st century AD, Strabo says that the Kibyratae spoke four languages: Pisidian, Solymian, Greek, and Lydian. This makes Kibyra the last locality where the Lydian language, by then extinct in Lydia itself according to extant accounts, is attested.
Kibyra was heavily damaged by an earthquake in 23 AD in the time of Tiberius, who recommended a Senatus Consultum be enacted relieving it from payment of taxes (tributum) for three years. In the passage discussing these events, Tacitus calls it the civitas Kibyratica apud Asiam (Kibyratic community in Asia). Most of the buildings preserved in the city were erected after the earthquake. Subsequent Roman emperors assisted in reconstruction of the city, particularly Claudius after whom the grateful citizens added Caesarea to its name as indicated by an inscription referring to "The Council and People of the Caesarean Kibyrites" and by the legend "Caesareans" , which appears on some of the coins of Kibyra. They also initiated games and started dating a new era from the year of 25 AD. Hadrianus, while travelling through the eastern provinces of the Empire, arrived at Kibyra in 129 and granted many privileges to its inhabitants.
Kibyra was the centre of a conventus (an assize district), which contained twenty-five cities, according to Plinius the Elder. Laodikeia on the Lykus was one of the chief cities of this Conventus. The poet Horace mentions Kibyra as a place of great trade. William Smith notes that its position does not seem very favourable for commerce, since it is neither on the sea nor on a great road, and suggests that the city might have exported grain of the Indus valley. Iron ore was plentiful in Kibyratis and a peculiarity was that its iron was easily cut with a chisel, or other sharp tool. Two artists of Kibyra were more famous for their knavery than for their artistic skill. Another earthquake struck in 417 and the city could not all be rebuilt. The last residents left the city in the 8th century for the settlement of Horzum now known as Gölhisar.
This coin type has only been known for a few years. To date, only a
few examples are known, of which this one is by far the best preserved.
♦ extremely rare ♦
BMC - (cf. 59) | SNG.Copenhagen (cf. 280) | RPC.- (cf. 2884)
Sear GIC- (cf. 280) | RPC Online 2883B (3 specimens) RRR
some minor weakness of strike, but wonderful specimen
with attractive dark patina
vf/xf
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