MA-ID: 8096702010
Klantbeoordeling Henzen
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Roman Empire AE Sestertius 81-96 n. Chr. DOMITIANUS (DOMITIAN), 81-96 - Rome vf/vf-
Munthandel G.Henzen 
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33,00 mm
weight 22,32gr. | orichalcum Ø 33mm.
obv. Laureate head of Domitianus right
IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII CENS PER P P
rev. Domitian seated left on platform inscribed SVF PD,
reaching out towards citizen who reaches back, child at center with
hands raised toward emperor, tetrastyle temple in background.
COS XIIII LVD SAEC, S C in exergue
Saecular Games Issue
The Saecular Games (Latin: Ludi Saeculares, originally Ludi Terentini) was a Roman religious celebration involving sacrifices and theatrical performances, held in ancient Rome for three days and nights to mark the end of a saeculum and the beginning of the next. A saeculum, supposedly the longest possible length of human life, was considered as either 100 or 110 years in length. Some ancient authors traced official celebrations of the Games as far back as 509 BC, but the only clearly attested celebrations under the Roman Republic took place in 249 and in the 140s BC. They involved sacrifices to the underworld gods over three consecutive nights. The Games were revived in 17 BC by emperor Augustus. Later emperors held celebrations in AD 88 and 204, after intervals of roughly 110 years. However, they were also held by Claudius in AD 47 to celebrate the 800th anniversary of Rome′s foundation, which led to a second cycle of Games in 148 and 248. The Games were abandoned under later Christian emperors.
From historical sources, the basic ritual outline of the imperial Ludi Saeculares is clear. The festival began with nearly a week of preparatory events. First, the citizens brought gifts of agricultural produce (fruges) to various temples. On the following days, they received materials for the titual purification of private homes (suffimenta) from the priesthood in charge of organizing the Ludi Saeculares, the quindecimviri sacris faciundis (abbreviated XV S F), of which the emperor was a member. Then followed the six sacrifices at the heart of the celebration. They alternated between nighttime sacrifices to the Moirae (the Fates), the Ilithyiae (goddesses of childbirth), and Terra Mater ar riverside altars in the Tarentum, located on the point bar of the Campus Martius where the Tiber bends and daytime sacrifices to Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, and Diana at temples on the Capitoline and Palatina Hills. During the same three days, 100 married women with children held sellisternia for Juno and Diana, ritual banquets at which images of the goddesses sat as honored guests. Theatrical performances in both Latin and Greek began the same night as the first sacrifice and continued for several days following the last sacrifice, along with chariot races, animal hunts, and other circus games.
Domitian′s Ludi Saeculares coinage (88 AD) violates the usual patterns of Roman mint production: one festival dominates all six denominations of gold, silver, and bronze. Consistency in legends and in reverse types across the issue suggests that unusual care was taken in designing these coins. One composition is even repeated in both silver and bronze. Ten events during the Ludi Saeculares, nine of them religious rituals prescribed by the Sibylline oracle, are depicted on the bronze coinage. Variations among specimens within each type, however, indicate that some details, such as the pedimental iconography of temples, were created by individual die carvers and must not have been specified in the original design. Using the textual evidence for other imperial celebrations of the Ludi Saeculares, previous scholars have focused on matching each coin type with a known event and each architectural background with a specific location in Rome. This article reveals the problems with such an approach and uses instead a variety of historical, iconographic, and numismatic methodologies to explore questions of design, audience, context, and interpretation. I conclude that, for a limited audience, these coins attempted to send a coherent message emphasizing the solemnity and ritual completeness of Domitian′s Ludi Saeculares and linking his celebration to Augustus′ Ludi Saeculares of 17 BC. But, because Domitian′s experiment in using the coinage for detailed communication was not subsequently imitated, this set of coins is unique. (ref. Melanie Grunow Sobocinski American Journal of Archaeology 2006 of the Archaeological Institute of America)
Cohen 81 | RIC 376 | RICˡˡ 609 BMC 428 | Sear 2764 RR
River patina. Very rare historical coin.
vf/vf-
obv. Laureate head of Domitianus right
IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII CENS PER P P
rev. Domitian seated left on platform inscribed SVF PD,
reaching out towards citizen who reaches back, child at center with
hands raised toward emperor, tetrastyle temple in background.
COS XIIII LVD SAEC, S C in exergue
Saecular Games Issue
The Saecular Games (Latin: Ludi Saeculares, originally Ludi Terentini) was a Roman religious celebration involving sacrifices and theatrical performances, held in ancient Rome for three days and nights to mark the end of a saeculum and the beginning of the next. A saeculum, supposedly the longest possible length of human life, was considered as either 100 or 110 years in length. Some ancient authors traced official celebrations of the Games as far back as 509 BC, but the only clearly attested celebrations under the Roman Republic took place in 249 and in the 140s BC. They involved sacrifices to the underworld gods over three consecutive nights. The Games were revived in 17 BC by emperor Augustus. Later emperors held celebrations in AD 88 and 204, after intervals of roughly 110 years. However, they were also held by Claudius in AD 47 to celebrate the 800th anniversary of Rome′s foundation, which led to a second cycle of Games in 148 and 248. The Games were abandoned under later Christian emperors.
From historical sources, the basic ritual outline of the imperial Ludi Saeculares is clear. The festival began with nearly a week of preparatory events. First, the citizens brought gifts of agricultural produce (fruges) to various temples. On the following days, they received materials for the titual purification of private homes (suffimenta) from the priesthood in charge of organizing the Ludi Saeculares, the quindecimviri sacris faciundis (abbreviated XV S F), of which the emperor was a member. Then followed the six sacrifices at the heart of the celebration. They alternated between nighttime sacrifices to the Moirae (the Fates), the Ilithyiae (goddesses of childbirth), and Terra Mater ar riverside altars in the Tarentum, located on the point bar of the Campus Martius where the Tiber bends and daytime sacrifices to Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, and Diana at temples on the Capitoline and Palatina Hills. During the same three days, 100 married women with children held sellisternia for Juno and Diana, ritual banquets at which images of the goddesses sat as honored guests. Theatrical performances in both Latin and Greek began the same night as the first sacrifice and continued for several days following the last sacrifice, along with chariot races, animal hunts, and other circus games.
Domitian′s Ludi Saeculares coinage (88 AD) violates the usual patterns of Roman mint production: one festival dominates all six denominations of gold, silver, and bronze. Consistency in legends and in reverse types across the issue suggests that unusual care was taken in designing these coins. One composition is even repeated in both silver and bronze. Ten events during the Ludi Saeculares, nine of them religious rituals prescribed by the Sibylline oracle, are depicted on the bronze coinage. Variations among specimens within each type, however, indicate that some details, such as the pedimental iconography of temples, were created by individual die carvers and must not have been specified in the original design. Using the textual evidence for other imperial celebrations of the Ludi Saeculares, previous scholars have focused on matching each coin type with a known event and each architectural background with a specific location in Rome. This article reveals the problems with such an approach and uses instead a variety of historical, iconographic, and numismatic methodologies to explore questions of design, audience, context, and interpretation. I conclude that, for a limited audience, these coins attempted to send a coherent message emphasizing the solemnity and ritual completeness of Domitian′s Ludi Saeculares and linking his celebration to Augustus′ Ludi Saeculares of 17 BC. But, because Domitian′s experiment in using the coinage for detailed communication was not subsequently imitated, this set of coins is unique. (ref. Melanie Grunow Sobocinski American Journal of Archaeology 2006 of the Archaeological Institute of America)
Cohen 81 | RIC 376 | RICˡˡ 609 BMC 428 | Sear 2764 RR
River patina. Very rare historical coin.
vf/vf-
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