Germany, Lower Lorraine (Cologne). AR Denar, ND (undated, 936–983), Otto I or Otto II (936–983). 1.52 g. XF/XF. Silver. Catalog: Dannenberg 334; Kluge 19; Hävernick 64.
Numismatic Insight: The Cologne Denar of Otto I/II (Dannenberg 334 / Kluge 19 / Hävernick 64)
Overview: A silver denar of the royal/imperial mint of Cologne in Lower Lorraine (Lotharingia Inferior) under Otto I (the Great, 936–973) or Otto II (973–983). Struck within the combined Ottonian date range 936–983. Undated (ND). Weight 1.52 g; grade XF/XF (Extremely Fine both sides). Catalogued Dannenberg 334; Kluge 19; Hävernick 64 — the three mandatory references for this classic Cologne Otto type. A few peck-marks are visible on the surfaces (typical Viking-Age / early medieval test marks).
Design: Obverse — cross with pellets in the quarters; legend +O(DDO+)MP-AVG (a specimen reading of the imperial title ODDO IMP AVG, “Otto Imperator Augustus”). Reverse — COLONIA monogram (Cologne). Both sides show clear medieval style and strong silver surfaces consistent with XF preservation, with a few peck-marks noted on the flan.
Historical context: Cologne was the leading royal and ecclesiastical mint of Ottonian Lower Lorraine and the Rhineland. Under Otto I (crowned emperor in 962) and his son Otto II, the mint issued denars that combine a cross-and-pellets obverse bearing the imperial Otto title with the distinctive COLONIA monogram on the reverse. These pieces circulated widely along the Rhine and through the German and Lotharingian lands; peck-marks (small chisel or knife tests of silver fineness) are common on northern and Baltic finds of this period and do not detract from the type’s historical importance. The present specimen belongs to the classic Ottonian Cologne series catalogued by Dannenberg, Kluge, and Hävernick.
Numismatic details: Silver denar (AR). Weight 1.52 g. Grade XF/XF. Undated (ND), struck 936–983 under Otto I or Otto II. Mint: Cologne (Lower Lorraine / royal–imperial). Catalog: Dannenberg 334; Kluge 19; Hävernick 64. Legends: +O(DDO+)MP-AVG / COLONIA monogram. A few peck-marks. A well-preserved Ottonian Cologne denar of the classic cross-and-monogram type.
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